False Hop Sedge (Carex lupuliformis)

Life history

Species overview

False Hop Sedge (Carex lupuliformis), a Wisconsin Endangered plant, is found in floodplain forests and ephemeral woodland ponds. Blooming occurs early June through early October; fruiting occurs late July through early October. The optimal identification period for this species is early August through late September.

Synonyms: None

Identification

• Distinguishing characteristics: Spikelets much longer than broad; perigynia inflated, ascending to spreading with a toothed beak; achene broadly diamond-shaped, scarcely, if at all, longer than wide, angles thickened and prominently knobbed with hard, nipple-like points.
• Flower characteristics: 2 to 6 proximal female spikes, distal spikes usually crowded, ascending, densely flowered, usually cylindric, much longer than broad; 1 to 2 terminal male spikes.
• Fruit characteristics: Perigynia ascending to spreading, inflated, strongly veined, sessile, lance-ovoid, shiny, glabrous; beak conical; achenes stipitate, broadly diamond-shaped, scarely if at all longer than wide, concave faces, angles thickened, prominently knobbed with hard, nipplelike points.
• Leaf characteristics: 4 to 7 leaves, basal sheaths brownish; sheath of distal leaf 3 to 21 cm; ligules rounded to triangular.

Phenology

• Blooming phenology: early June through early October
• Fruiting phenology: late July through early October
• Optimum time to identify: The optimal identification period for this species is early August through late September

Other

• Growth form: Graminoid
• Vegetative reproduction: Rhizomatous
• Life cycle: Perennial
• Section: Lupulinae
• Comments: Associated Species: Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Acer rubrum, A. saccharinum, Ulmus americana, Ranunculus flabellaris, Penthorum sedoides, Glyceria grandis, Carex crus-corvi, C. tuckermanii.

State status

Status and Natural Heritage Inventory documented occurrences in Wisconsin

The table below provides information about the protected status - state and federal - and the rank (S and G Ranks) for False Hop Sedge (Carex lupuliformis). See the Working List Key for more information about abbreviations. Counties shaded blue have documented occurrences for this species in the Wisconsin Natural Heritage Inventory database. The map is provided as a general reference of where this species has been found to date and is not meant as a range map.

Habitats and landscapes

The Natural Heritage Inventory has developed scores indicating the degree to which each of Wisconsin's rare plant species is associated with a particular natural community or ecological landscape. This information is similar to that found in the Wildlife Action Plan for animals. As this is a work in progress, we welcome your suggestions and feedback.

General habitat information

• Habitat description: Found in floodplain forests and ephemeral woodland ponds.
• Soils: Wet soils.

Natural communities

This table lists the natural communities that are associated with False Hop Sedge. Scores for natural community associations are: "significant" association (score=3), "moderate association" (score=2) or the species can be present but is only weakly associated with the community (score=1).

Ecological landscapes

This table lists the ecological landscape association scores for False Hop Sedge. The scores (3=High, 2=Moderate, 1=Low, 0=None) also correspond to the map.

Species guidance

The Endangered Resources Program has developed avoidance measures and management guidelines for plants on the Natural Heritage Working List. These are a work in progress, and we welcome your suggestions and feedback. Sources used in developing this information can be found here.

Avoidance measures

These are specific actions designed to avoid "take" (mortality) of this species.

• Avoid wet areas, including small ponds, within forests where this species has been reported.
• Avoid direct disturbance to sensitive microsites such as seeps, cliffs, and moss-covered boulders.
• Avoid broadcast spraying of herbicides; use care with spot spraying.
• Avoid known individual plant locations and conduct operations elsewhere when they are least likely to cause damage. Ideally, this would involve frozen, snow-covered ground. However, in areas of the state where frozen conditions are unreliable, very dry soils late in the growing season might be the best available alternative. Consult with a biologist, if needed.

Management guidance

Management guidelines are additional considerations that may help maintain or enhance habitat for this species

• Minimize disturbance to hydrology, including soil disturbance from rutting.
• Survey for and control invasive plants prior to conducting timber operations, as these can be spread by vehicles and often respond vigorously to increased light; see forestry BMPs for invasive species.
• Buffer management around unique microhabitats such as ephemeral ponds, seeps, etc.
• Maintain partial canopy to encourage woodland species; avoid closed-canopy conditions.

Other resources

Links to additional False Hop Sedge information

Other links related to vascular plants (all exit the DNR website)

• Wisconsin Flora
• NatureServe Explorer
• Atlas of Wisconsin Prairie and Savanna Flora - Wisconsin State Herbarium
• USDA - NRCS Plants Database
• USGS Midwestern Wetland Flora - field office guide to plant species
• eFloras
• Cofrin Center for Biodiversity Herbarium
• Intermountain Herbarium Grasses of North America
• Orchids of Wisconsin

Photos

Click to view a larger version. Please considering donating a photo to the Natural Heritage Conservation Program for educational uses. Photo use